Recombinant Human HMGB1/HMG1 Protein (His Tag)

Specifications

Catalog number

PKSH031684-01

Size / count

100 µg

Dry ice

No

Hazardous

No

Discontinued

No

Background

High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), also known as HMG-1 or amphoterin previously, is a member of the HMGB family consisting of three members, HMGB1, HMGB2 and HMGB3. HMGB1 is a DNA-binding nuclear protein, released actively following cytokine stimulation as well as passively during cell death. It is the prototypic damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and has been implicated in several inflammatory disorders. HMGB1 signals via the receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) and members of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family. The most prominent HMGB1 protein and mRNA expression arthritis is present in pannus regions, where synovial tissue invades articular cartilage and bone. HMGB1 promotes the activity of proteolytic enzymes, and osteoclasts need HMGB1 for functional maturation. As a non-histone nuclear protein, HMGB1 has a dual function. Inside the cell, HMGB1 binds DNA, regulating transcription and determining chromosomal architecture. Outside the cell, HMGB1 can serve as an alarmin to activate the innate system and mediate a wide range of physiological and pathological responses. Extracellular HMGB1 represents an optimal "necrotic marker" selected by the innate immune system to recognize tissue damage and initiate reparative responses. However, extracellular HMGB1 also acts as a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that contributes to the pathogenesis of diverse inflammatory and infectious disorders.

Synonyms

HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1

UniProt

P09429

Accession Number

NP_002119.1

Expression System

HEK293 Cells

Tag

C-His

Sequence

Met 1-Glu 215

Applications

Cell culture; ELISA

Field of Research

Epigenetics and nuclear signal

Endotoxin

< 1.0 EU per μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method.

Purity

> 93 % as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Bioactivity

1. Immobilized human HMGB at 2 μg/ml (100 μl/well) can bind human AGER. The EC50 of human AGER is 0.27 μg/ml. 2. Measured by its ability to induce TNF-alpha secretion by RAW 264. 7 mouse monocyte/macrophage cells. The EC50 for this effect is typically 20-100μg/ml.

Reconstitution

Please refer to the printed manual for detailed information.

Shipping Conditions

This product is provided as lyophilized powder which is shipped with ice packs.

Storage Conditions

Generally, lyophilized proteins are stable for up to 12 months when stored at -20 to -80°C. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 4-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at < -20°C for 3 months.

Calculated Molecular Weight

26.3 kDa

Observed Molecular Weight

30-34 kDa

Species

Human