- Catalog number
- PA1320-carrier-free
- Size / count
- 100 µg/Vial
- Dry ice
- No
- Hazardous
- No
- Discontinued
- No
- Background
- The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of three nuclear receptor isoforms, PPAR gamma, PPAR alpha, and PPAR delta, encoded by different genes. PPARs are ligand-regulated transcription factors that control gene expression by binding to specific response elements (PPREs) within promoters. PPAR gamma is a transcription factor that has a pivotal role in adipocyte differentiation and expression of adipocyte-specific genes. The PPAR gamma1 and gamma2 isoforms result from alternative splicing and have ligand-dependent and -independent activation domains. PPAR gamma is a member of a family of nuclear receptors/ligand-dependent transcription factors, which bind to hormone response elements on target gene promoters. Ameshima et al. (2003) found that PPAR gamma is abundantly expressed in normal lung tissues, especially in endothelial cells, but that its expression is reduced or absent in the angiogenic plexiform lesions of pulmonary hypertensive lungs and in the vascular lesions of a rat model of severe pulmonary hypertension. And they conclude that fluid shear stress decreases the expression of PPARgamma in endothelial cells and that loss of PPARgamma expression characterizes an abnormal, proliferating, apoptosis-resistant endothelial cell phenotype.
- Synonyms
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma;PPAR-gamma;Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 3;PPARG;NR1C3;
- Gene Name
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
- UniProt
- P37231
- Host
- Rabbit
- Reactivity
- Human
- Cross Reactivity
- No cross-reactivity with other proteins
- Immunogen
- A synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence at the N-terminus of human PPAR gamma, different from the rat and mouse sequences by two amino acids.
- Clonality
- Polyclonal
- Tissue Specificity
- Highest expression in adipose tissue. Lower in skeletal muscle, spleen, heart and liver. Also detectable in placenta, lung and ovary. .
- Applications
- WB
- Purification
- Immunogen affinity purified.
- Concentration
- Adding 0.2 ml of distilled water will yield a concentration of 500 μg/ml.
- Form
- Lyophilized
- Reconstitution
- Add 0.2ml of distilled water will yield a concentration of 500ug/ml.
- Function
- Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE) and modulates the transcription of its target genes, such as acyl-CoA oxidase. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. ARF6 acts as a key regulator of the tissue-specific adipocyte P2 (aP2) enhancer. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses. Plays a role in the regulation of cardiovascular circadian rhythms by regulating the transcription of ARNTL/BMAL1 in the blood vessels (By similarity). .
- Components
- Each vial contains 5mg BSA, 0.9mg NaCl, 0.2mg Na2HPO4, 0.05mg Thimerosal, 0.05mg NaN3.
- References & Citations
- 1. Berger J, Moller DE (2002). "The mechanisms of action of PPARs". Annu. Rev. Med. 53: 409–35.
2. Deeb, S. S.; Fajas, L.; Nemoto, M.; Pihlajamaki, J.; Mykkanen, L.; Kuusisto, J.; Laakso, M.; Fujimoto, W.; Auwerx, J. : A pro12ala substitution in PPAR-gamma-2 associated with decreased receptor activity, lower body mass index and improved insulin sensitivity. Nature Genet. 20: 284-287, 1998.
3. Ameshima, S.; Golpon, H.; Cool, C. D.; Chan, D.; Vandivier, R. W.; Gardai, S. J.; Wick, M.; Nemenoff, R. A.; Geraci, M. W.; Voelkel, N. F. : Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) expression is decreased in pulmonary hypertension and affects endothelial cell growth. Circ. Res. 92: 1162-1169, 2003.
- Storage Conditions
- Store at -20℃ for one year from date of receipt. After reconstitution, at 4℃ for one month. It can also be aliquotted and stored frozen at -20℃ for six months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
- Calculated Molecular Weight
- 57620 MW
- Observed Molecular Weight
- 37 kDa
- Fragment
- Rabbit IgG
- Specificity
- No cross reactivity with other proteins.
- Applications Notes
- Western blot, 0.1-0.5μg/ml, Human<br>
- Subcellular Location
- Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Redistributed from the nucleus to the cytosol through a MAP2K1/MEK1-dependent manner. CCRN4L/NOC enhances its nuclear translocation.
- Sequence Similarities
- Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily.
- Protein Name
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPAR-gamma)
