- Catalog number
- A02948-2
- Size / count
- 100 µg/Vial
- Dry ice
- No
- Hazardous
- No
- Discontinued
- No
- Background
- Glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GCLM gene. Glutamate-cysteine ligase, also known as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, is the first rate limiting enzyme of glutathione synthesis. The enzyme consists of two subunits, a heavy catalytic subunit and a light regulatory subunit. Gamma glutamylcysteine synthetase deficiency has been implicated in some forms of hemolytic anemia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
- Synonyms
- Caspase-4; CASP-4
- Gene Name
- GCLM
- Gene ID
- 2730
- UniProt
- P48507
- Host
- Rabbit
- Reactivity
- Human, Mouse, Rat
- Cross Reactivity
- No cross-reactivity with other proteins.
- Immunogen
- E.coli-derived human GCLM recombinant protein (Position: D4-K263) .
- Clonality
- Polyclonal
- Tissue Specificity
- Widely expressed, including in thymus, lung and spleen (at protein level) . Very low levels, if any, in the brain.
- Applications
- WB, ELISA
- Field of Research
- Apoptosis, Apoptotic Markers, Cancer, Caspases, Cell Biology, Cell Death, Intracellular, Invasion/Microenvironment, Metabolism, Metabolism Processes, Pathways and Processes
- Purification
- Immunogen affinity purified.
- Concentration
- Adding 0.2 ml of distilled water will yield a concentration of 500 μg/ml.
- Form
- Lyophilized
- Reconstitution
- Adding 0.2 ml of distilled water will yield a concentration of 500 μg/ml.
- Function
- Proinflammatory caspase (PubMed:8702803, PubMed:9038361, PubMed:25119034) . Essential effector of NLRP3 inflammasome- dependent CASP1 activation and IL1B and IL18 secretion in response to non-canonical activators, such as UVB radiation, cholera enterotoxin subunit B and cytosolic LPS, as well as infection with Gram-negative bacteria (PubMed:22002608) . Independently of NLRP3 inflammasome and CASP1, promotes pyroptosis, through GSDMD cleavage and activation, and IL1A, IL18 and HMGB1 release in response to non-canonical inflammasome activators (PubMed:22002608, PubMed:26320999, PubMed:26375003) . Plays a crucial role in the restriction of Salmonella typhimurium replication in colonic epithelial cells during infection. In later stages of the infection (>3 days post infection), LPS from cytosolic Salmonella triggers CASP4 activation, which ultimately results in the pyroptosis of the infected cells and their extrusion into the gut lumen, as well as in IL18 secretion. Pyroptosis limits bacterial replication, while cytokine secretion promotes the recruitment and activation of immune cells and triggers mucosal inflammation (PubMed:25121752) . Involved in LPS- induced IL6 secretion; this activity may not require caspase enzymatic activity (By similarity) . Involved in cell death induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress (By similarity) . Activated by binding to LPS without the need of an upstream sensor (PubMed:25119034) . Does not ly process IL1B (PubMed:8702803, PubMed:9038361) . During non-canonical inflammasome activation, cuts MB21D1 and may play a role in the regulation of antiviral innate immune activation (PubMed:28314590) .
- References & Citations
- 1. Arinami, T., Ohtsuki, T., Ishiguro, H., Ujike, H., Tanaka, Y., Morita, Y., Mineta, M., Takeichi, M., Yamada, S., Imamura, A., Ohara, K., Shibuya, H., and 40 others. Genomewide high-density SNP linkage analysis of 236 Japanese families supports the existence of schizophrenia susceptibility loci on chromosomes 1p, 14q, and 20p. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 77: 937-944, 2005. 2. Gipp, J. J., Bailey, H. H., Mulcahy, R. T. Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA for the light subunit of human liver gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and relative mRNA levels for heavy and light subunits in human normal tissues. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 206: 584-589, 1995. 3. Huang, C.-S., Anderson, M. E., Meister, A. Amino acid sequence and function of the light subunit of rat kidney gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 20578-20583, 1993.
- Storage Conditions
- At -20°C for one year from date of receipt. After reconstitution, at 4°C for one month. It can also be aliquotted and stored frozen at -20°C for six months. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
- Calculated Molecular Weight
- 79686 MW
- Observed Molecular Weight
- 31 kDa
- Gene Name Synonym
- Caspase 4, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase
- Subcellular Location
- Cytoplasm, cytosol.
- Protein Name
- Peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2
- Isotype
- Rabbit IgG
- Contents
- Each vial contains 4 mg Trehalose, 0.9 mg NaCl, 0.2 mg Na2HPO4.
