- Catalog number
- EK1644
- Size / count
- 96 Well With Removable Strips
- Dry ice
- No
- Hazardous
- No
- Discontinued
- No
- Background
- Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), also known as T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAVCR2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, and TIM family of proteins. CD4-positive T helper lymphocytes can be divided into types 1 (Th1) and 2 (Th2) on the basis of their cytokine secretion patterns. Th1 cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity to intracellular pathogens and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, whereas, Th2 cells are involved in the control of extracellular helminthic infections and the promotion of atopic and allergic diseases. This protein is a Th1-specific cell surface protein that regulates macrophage activation, and inhibits Th1-mediated auto- and alloimmune responses, and promotes immunological tolerance.
- Reproducibility
- Lots Lot 1 (pg/ml) Lot 2 (pg/ml) Lot 3 (pg/ml) Lot 4 (pg/ml) Mean (pg/ml) Standard Deviation CV (%) Sample 1 51 57 53 50 52 2.68 5.1% Sample 2 224 222 238 249 233 10.98 4.7% Sample 3 977 1070 1006 898 987 61.78 6.2% Lots Lot 1 (pg/ml) Lot 2 (pg/ml) Lot 3 (pg/ml) Lot 4 (pg/ml) Mean (pg/ml) Standard Deviation CV (%) Lots Lot 1 (pg/ml) Lot 2 (pg/ml) Lot 3 (pg/ml) Lot 4 (pg/ml) Mean (pg/ml) Standard Deviation CV (%) Sample 1 51 57 53 50 52 2.68 5.1% Sample 1 51 57 53 50 52 2.68 5.1% Sample 2 224 222 238 249 233 10.98 4.7% Sample 2 224 222 238 249 233 10.98 4.7% Sample 3 977 1070 1006 898 987 61.78 6.2% Sample 3 977 1070 1006 898 987 61.78 6.2%
- Synonyms
- Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2; HAVcr-2; T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3; TIMD-3; T-cell immunoglobulin mucin receptor 3; TIM-3; T-cell membrane protein 3; HAVCR2; TIM3; TIMD3
- Gene Name
- HAVCR2
- Gene ID
- 84868
- UniProt
- Q8TDQ0
- Reactivity
- Human
- Cross Reactivity
- There is no detectable cross-reactivity with other relevant proteins.
- Immunogen
- Expression system for standard: NS0; Immunogen sequence: S22-G202
- Capture Antibody
- Monoclonal antibody from mouse
- Detection Antibody
- Biotinylated polyclonal antibody from goat
- Tissue Specificity
- Expressed in T-helper type 1 (Th1) lymphocytes. Expressed on regulatory T (Treg) cells after TCR stimulation. Expressed in dendritic cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Expressed in epithelial tissues. Expression is increased on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In progressive HIV-1 infection, expression is up- regulated on HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cells.
- Applications
- ELISA
- Field of Research
- Immunoglobulins, Immunology, Innate Immunity, Macrophage/Inflammation, Receptors
- Standard
- 10 ng/Tube
- Sample Type
- Cell culture supernatants, serum and plasma (heparin, EDTA) .
- Detection Range
- 31.2 pg/mL - 2,000 pg/mL
- Precision
- Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 51 224 977 50 216 884 Standard deviation 2.44 10.08 68.39 2.55 10.36 74.25 CV (%) 4.8% 4.5% 7% 8.4% 4.8% 8.4% Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 51 224 977 50 216 884 Standard deviation 2.44 10.08 68.39 2.55 10.36 74.25 CV (%) 4.8% 4.5% 7% 8.4% 4.8% 8.4% Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 51 224 977 50 216 884 Mean (pg/ml) 51 224 977 50 216 884 Standard deviation 2.44 10.08 68.39 2.55 10.36 74.25 Standard deviation 2.44 10.08 68.39 2.55 10.36 74.25 CV (%) 4.8% 4.5% 7% 8.4% 4.8% 8.4% CV (%) 4.8% 4.5% 7% 8.4% 4.8% 8.4%
- Sensitivity
- <10 pg/mL
- Function
- Cell surface receptor implicated in modulating innate and adaptive immune responses. Generally accepted to have an inhibiting function. Reports on stimulating functions suggest that the activity may be influenced by the cellular context and/or the respective ligand (PubMed:24825777) . Regulates macrophage activation (PubMed:11823861) . Inhibits T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1) -mediated auto- and alloimmune responses and promotes immunological tolerance (PubMed:14556005) . In CD8+ cells attenuates TCR-induced signaling, specifically by blocking NF- kappaB and NFAT promoter activities resulting in the loss of IL-2 secretion. The function may implicate its association with LCK proposed to impair phosphorylation of TCR subunits, and/or LGALS9- dependent recruitment of PTPRC to the immunological synapse (PubMed:24337741, PubMed:26492563) . In contrast, shown to activate TCR-induced signaling in T-cells probably implicating ZAP70, LCP2, LCK and FYN (By similarity) . Expressed on Treg cells can inhibit Th17 cell responses (PubMed:24838857) . Receptor for LGALS9 (PubMed:16286920, PubMed:24337741) . Binding to LGALS9 is believed to result in suppression of T-cell responses; the resulting apoptosis of antigen-specific cells may implicate HAVCR2 phosphorylation and disruption of its association with BAG6. Binding to LGALS9 is proposed to be involved in innate immune response to intracellular pathogens. Expressed on Th1 cells interacts with LGALS9 expressed on Mycobacterium tuberculosis- infected macrophages to stimulate antibactericidal activity including IL-1 beta secretion and to restrict intracellular bacterial growth (By similarity) . However, the function as receptor for LGALS9 has been challenged (PubMed:23555261) . Also reported to enhance CD8+ T-cell responses to an acute infection such as by Listeria monocytogenes (By similarity) . Receptor for phosphatidylserine (PtSer) ; PtSer-binding is calcium-dependent. May recognize PtSer on apoptotic cells leading to their phagocytosis. Mediates the engulfment of apoptotic cells by dendritic cells. Expressed on T-cells, promotes conjugation but not engulfment of apoptotic cells. Expressed on dendritic cells (DCs) positively regulates innate immune response and in synergy with Toll-like receptors promotes secretion of TNF-alpha. In tumor-imfiltrating DCs suppresses nucleic acid-mediated innate immune repsonse by interaction with HMGB1 and interfering with nucleic acid-sensing and trafficking of nucleid acids to endosomes (By similarity) . Expressed on natural killer (NK) cells acts as a coreceptor to enhance IFN-gamma production in response to LGALS9 (PubMed:22323453) . In contrast, shown to suppress NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity (PubMed:22383801) . Negatively regulates NK cell function in LPS-induced endotoxic shock (By similarity) .
- Components
- Description|Quantity Pre-coated 96-well strip microplate|1 Standard|2 vials Biotinylated antibody (100x) |100ul Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex (100x) |100ul Sample Diluent|30ml Antibody Diluent|12ml Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Diluent|12ml Color Developing Reagent (TMB) |10ml Stop Solution|10ml Wash Buffer (25x) |20ml Adhesive plate sealers|4
- Storage Conditions
- Store at 4°C for 6 months, at -20°C for 12 months. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles (Ships with gel ice, can store for up to 3 days in room temperature. Freeze upon receiving.)
- Specificity
- Natural and recombinant human TIM-3
- Anticoagulant
- Heparin or EDTA
- Gene Name Synonym
- Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2
- Subcellular Location
- Membrane ; Single-pass type I membrane protein . Cell junction
- Protein Name
- Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2
- Sample Data
- Concentration (pg/ml) 0 31.2 62.5 125 250 500 1000 2000 O.D. 0.056 0.116 0.165 0.252 0.408 0.705 1.211 1.941 Concentration (pg/ml) 0 31.2 62.5 125 250 500 1000 2000 O.D. 0.056 0.116 0.165 0.252 0.408 0.705 1.211 1.941 Concentration (pg/ml) 0 31.2 62.5 125 250 500 1000 2000 Concentration (pg/ml) 0 31.2 62.5 125 250 500 1000 2000 O.D. 0.056 0.116 0.165 0.252 0.408 0.705 1.211 1.941 O.D. 0.056 0.116 0.165 0.252 0.408 0.705 1.211 1.941
- Material Required But Not Provided
- Microplate Reader capable of reading absorbance at 450nm. Incubator. Automated plate washer (optional) . Pipettes and pipette tips capable of precisely dispensing 0.5 μl through 1 ml volumes of aqueous solutions. Multichannel pipettes are recommended for large amount of samples. Deionized or distilled water. 500ml graduated cylinders. Test tubes for dilution.
