- Catalog number
- A31676
- Size / count
- 100 µL
- Dry ice
- No
- Hazardous
- No
- Discontinued
- No
- Synonyms
- Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
- Gene Name
- CGAS
- UniProt
- Q8N884
- Host
- Rabbit
- Reactivity
- Human
- Immunogen
- A synthetic peptide of human MB21D1.
- Clonality
- Polyclonal
- Tissue Specificity
- Expressed in the monocytic cell line THP1.
- Applications
- WB, IHC, ELISA
- Purification
- The antibody was affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogen and the purity is > 95% (by SDS-PAGE) .
- Concentration
- 1 mg/mL
- Form
- Liquid
- Function
- Nucleotidyltransferase that catalyzes the formation of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) from ATP and GTP (PubMed:23258413, PubMed:23707061, PubMed:23722159, PubMed:24077100, PubMed:25131990) . Catalysis involves both the formation of a 2',5' phosphodiester linkage at the GpA step and the formation of a 3',5' phosphodiester linkage at the ApG step, producing c[G (2',5') pA (3',5') p] (PubMed:28363908, PubMed:28214358) . Acts as a key cytosolic DNA sensor, the presence of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the cytoplasm being a danger signal that triggers the immune responses (PubMed:28363908) . Binds cytosolic DNA directly, leading to activation and synthesis of cGAMP, a second messenger that binds to and activates TMEM173/STING, thereby triggering type-I interferon production (PubMed:28363908, PubMed:28314590) . Has antiviral activity by sensing the presence of dsDNA from DNA viruses in the cytoplasm (PubMed:28363908) . Also acts as an innate immune sensor of infection by retroviruses, such as HIV-1, by detecting the presence of reverse-transcribed DNA in the cytosol (PubMed:23929945) . Detection of retroviral reverse-transcribed DNA in the cytosol may be indirect and be mediated via interaction with PQBP1, which directly binds reverse-transcribed retroviral DNA (PubMed:26046437) . Also detects the presence of DNA from bacteria, such as M.tuberculosis (PubMed:26048138) . cGAMP can be transferred from producing cells to neighboring cells through gap junctions, leading to promote TMEM173/STING activation and convey immune response to connecting cells (PubMed:24077100) . cGAMP can also be transferred between cells by virtue of packaging within viral particles contributing to IFN-induction in newly infected cells in a cGAS-independent but TMEM173/STING-dependent manner (PubMed:26229115) . In addition to antiviral activity, also involved in the response to cellular stresses, such as senescence, DNA damage or genome instability (PubMed:28738408, PubMed:28759889) . Acts as a regulator of cellular senescence by binding to cytosolic chromatin fragments that are present in senescent cells, leading to trigger type-I interferon production via TMEM173/STING and promote cellular senescence (By similarity) . Also involved in the inflammatory response to genome instability and double-stranded DNA breaks: acts by localizing to micronuclei arising from genome instability (PubMed:28738408, PubMed:28759889) . Micronuclei, which as frequently found in cancer cells, consist of chromatin surrounded by its own nuclear membrane: following breakdown of the micronuclear envelope, a process associated with chromothripsis, CGAS binds self-DNA exposed to the cytosol, leading to cGAMP synthesis and subsequent activation of TMEM173/STING and type-I interferon production (PubMed:28738408, PubMed:28759889) .
- Storage Conditions
- Store at -20°C for one year. For short term storage and frequent use, store at 4°C for up to one month. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
- Observed Molecular Weight
- 58814 MW
- Gene Name Synonym
- Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
- Subcellular Location
- Cytoplasm, cytosol
- Protein Name
- Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
- Contents
- Rabbit IgG, 1mg/mL in PBS with 0.02% sodium azide, 50% glycerol, pH7.2
